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Tesla FSD 想喺歐洲開通：最難唔係軟件，而係攞批文

最大阻滯係規管認證：Tesla 要證明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171，並可能為 hands off 系統主動轉線等行為申請 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。 荷蘭 RDW 係近期關鍵入口；但荷蘭批咗唔代表全歐即時可用，仍要走向更廣泛嘅歐盟承認 [5][10][13]。

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Illustration of a Tesla driving in Europe with regulatory approval symbols in the background
Tesla FSD’s EU Approval Blocker: Regulation, Not SoftwareAI-generated editorial illustration of Tesla FSD’s European approval challenge.
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Create a landscape editorial hero image for this Studio Global article: Tesla FSD’s EU Approval Blocker: Regulation, Not Software. Article summary: Tesla’s FSD Supervised faces a regulatory blocker in Europe: it must satisfy UN R 171 and may need Article 39 exemptions for behaviors such as system initiated lane changes [12][13].. Topic tags: tesla, fsd, self driving cars, autonomous vehicles, evs. Reference image context from search candidates: Reference image 1: visual subject "Tesla claimed in a weekend social media post that a Dutch regulator was set to approve its Full Self-Driving mode. It seems the regulator" source context "Tesla FSD software may not be approved by EU regulator after all" Reference image 2: visual subject "Tesla's FSD Visualization Goes Global: A Deep Dive into the European Semi-Truck Update and Its Worldwide Implications - Tesery Official Store" source context "T

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Tesla 嘅 Full Self-Driving，尤其係 FSD Supervised，喺歐洲嘅問題唔係單純等一個 OTA 軟件更新。真正難位係：歐洲監管機構會唔會批准佢作為一項車輛功能喺路面使用。

簡單講，美國市場比較多時係邊用邊監察、同時做事故數據匯報同缺陷調查；歐洲就更重視事前型式認證，亦即係要先按規則證明功能點運作、可做咩、唔可做咩 [1]。所以 Tesla 要過嘅，唔只係示範架車識唔識揸，而係要令 FSD Supervised 放得入歐洲既有規管框架。

核心卡位：型式認證，而唔係程式碼

歐洲嘅審批環境同美國唔同。報道形容，歐洲在聯合國歐洲經濟委員會，即 UNECE，相關型式認證框架下，對駕駛輔助系統可以做咩、應該點樣反應，有更仔細嘅規定 [1]。

對 Tesla 嚟講，關鍵路徑係 UN R 171，即針對 Driver Control Assistance Systems 嘅規則。相關報道指，Tesla 要證明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171，同時亦可能需要 Article 39 豁免，處理現有規則未完全涵蓋或仍有限制嘅行為 [12][13]。

點解 FSD 難以直接套入舊規則？

問題唔係單一功能，而係 FSD Supervised 想做到嘅一整套行為：轉線、煞車、轉向、喺複雜道路環境協助駕駛。歐洲好多規則原本係為較傳統、較受限嘅車道保持同自動巡航系統而設，未必完全配合以神經網絡為核心嘅駕駛輔助系統 [1]。

報道列出嘅例子包括 hands-off 系統主動轉線，以及 Level 2 系統喺現行規則未完全涵蓋道路上運作。Tesla 若要開通呢類行為，就要同時證明合規，或者透過 Article 39 申請豁免 [13]。

過去 Tesla 喺歐洲已經食過規則限制。一篇 2026 年報道指，UN/ECE Regulation 79 自 2019 年起限制歐洲多國嘅 Autopilot 功能，包括轉線需於司機啟動後 5 秒內完成、彎道轉向輔助限制於 63 km/h，即 39 mph、橫向加速度上限為每秒平方 3 米，以及 Summon 功能距離限制為 6 米 [4]。呢個背景說明：Tesla 唔可以假設一個功能喺某市場可以點行，去到歐洲都可以原封不動。

點解荷蘭 RDW 咁重要？

Tesla 近期嘅歐洲路線，似乎係先過荷蘭關。Electrek 於 2026 年 3 月 20 日報道，Tesla 已經同荷蘭道路監管機構 RDW 完成 FSD Supervised 最後車輛測試，並提交 UN R 171 審批所需文件 [5]。另一篇報道亦指，Tesla 已提交 UN R 171 批准同 Article 39 豁免文件，而 RDW 正進行內部審查 [12]。

RDW 之所以關鍵，係因為荷蘭批核被視為可能通往更廣泛歐洲推出嘅第一步。有報道指，Tesla 依賴荷蘭 RDW 作為審批機構，而荷蘭豁免可能成為歐洲範圍推出 FSD 嘅入口 [10][13]。

但入口唔等於終點。Electrek 同日報道指，預期荷蘭批准日期由 2026 年 3 月 20 日延至 4 月 10 日，而更廣泛嘅歐盟全域批准則未預期早於夏季 [5]。按目前提供資料，未有確認 FSD Supervised 已取得歐盟全域授權。

一個國家批准，唔代表全歐即刻可用

就算荷蘭先批准，亦唔代表 Tesla 可以即時喺全歐開掣。歐洲自動及輔助駕駛監管，被形容為由國家法律同歐盟層面管治共同組成嘅拼圖 [2]。有報道指，荷蘭步驟被寄望可帶來歐盟內互認，但呢個仍然係預期發展，而唔係已完成嘅全歐推出 [10]。

所以，Tesla 要做嘅唔止係跑完一次示範路線，而係要交出足夠證據，令監管機構接受 FSD Supervised 符合 UNECE／EU 框架，之後再將任何國家級批准轉化成更廣泛嘅歐洲法律路徑 [5][12][13]。

新 UNECE 規則可能有幫助，但唔係捷徑

規則本身亦可能演變。2026 年 2 月一篇報道指，UNECE 自動駕駛車輛工作小組已於 2026 年 1 月 23 日採納一項規則草案，為 50 多個成員國嘅自動駕駛系統建立標準化 Safety Case 安全論證框架；同一報道亦指，2026 年 6 月投票係該規則最早可能生效嘅時間點 [6]。

呢類框架長遠可以令審批路線更清楚，但並唔等於 Tesla FSD 自動獲准上路。報道亦提到，呢條路不只為 Tesla 而設，而係其他車廠都可能使用嘅共同入口；Tesla 仍然要滿足相關安全同審批要求 [6]。

結論：歐洲 FSD 要過嘅係規管關

Tesla FSD Supervised 喺歐洲能否推出，重點唔係 Tesla 可唔可以推送一個軟件開關，而係監管機構會唔會接受佢成為合規車輛功能。按現有報道，Tesla 要證明符合 UN R 171、取得所需 Article 39 豁免，並透過荷蘭 RDW 程序爭取通往更廣泛歐洲承認 [12][13]。

未完成呢條路之前，FSD Supervised 可以有測試、有文件、有進展，但仍未等於已經取得歐盟全域放行 [5]。

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重點

  • 最大阻滯係規管認證：Tesla 要證明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171，並可能為 hands off 系統主動轉線等行為申請 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。
  • 荷蘭 RDW 係近期關鍵入口；但荷蘭批咗唔代表全歐即時可用，仍要走向更廣泛嘅歐盟承認 [5][10][13]。
  • UNECE 2026 年新安全案例框架可能令審批路徑更清晰，但唔會自動放行 Tesla FSD [6]。

人們還問

「Tesla FSD 想喺歐洲開通：最難唔係軟件，而係攞批文」的簡短答案是什麼？

最大阻滯係規管認證：Tesla 要證明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171，並可能為 hands off 系統主動轉線等行為申請 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。

首先要驗證的關鍵點是什麼？

最大阻滯係規管認證：Tesla 要證明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171，並可能為 hands off 系統主動轉線等行為申請 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。 荷蘭 RDW 係近期關鍵入口；但荷蘭批咗唔代表全歐即時可用，仍要走向更廣泛嘅歐盟承認 [5][10][13]。

接下來在實務上我該做什麼？

UNECE 2026 年新安全案例框架可能令審批路徑更清晰，但唔會自動放行 Tesla FSD [6]。

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研究對話

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研究問題

What is the main obstacle Tesla’s Full Self-Driving system faces before it can receive EU-wide approval?

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引用的答案

The main obstacle is regulatory approval under Europe’s UNECE/EU type-approval framework—not simply Tesla’s software capability. Tesla must prove FSD Supervised complies with rules such as UN R-171 for driver-assistance systems and obtain exemptions or approval for behaviors that current rules may not fully cover, such as system-initiated maneuvers beyond limited conditions [7][13].

  • Europe requires vehicle systems like FSD to pass formal type-approval rules before deployment across member states, unlike the more flexible U.S. approach [1].

  • Tesla’s near-term path appears to run through the Dutch approval authority RDW, with the Netherlands potentially serving as the gateway to broader EU recognition [5][13].

  • The sticking point is that FSD’s capabilities—especially automated lane changes, city-street behavior, and system-initiated maneuvers—must fit within or receive exemptions from existing European regulations [7][13].

  • In short: the blocker is regulatory certification and harmonization across Europe, especially proving compliance with UNECE driver-assistance rules, rather than a single technical feature.

來源

  • [1] FSD on European Roads: What a 2026 Approval Means for ...teslaacessories.com

    In the United States, regulators have given automakers more room to deploy new driver‑assist systems as long as crash‑data reporting and defect investigations remain active. Europe, by contrast, has built a dense framework of type‑approval regulations under...

  • [2] New UN Autonomous Driving Regulation Could Unlock ...notateslaapp.com

    A decade ago, the promise of autonomous vehicles felt imminent, but as technology matured, it became obvious that the roadblock wasn’t just neural networks, sensors, or code, but also regulatory hurdles. In markets like Europe, where autonomous laws are mov...

  • [4] Tesla Autopilot Phase Out: Why Region Restrictions and ...techtimes.com

    Tesla region restrictions vary significantly based on local EV regulation and self-driving standards. In Europe, UN/ECE Regulation 79 has limited Autopilot functionality since 2019 across more than 30 countries including Germany, France, the United Kingdom,...

  • [5] Tesla delays FSD approval in Europe again, now expects April 10electrek.co

    Tesla’s European arm announced today that it has completed all vehicle testing for Full Self-Driving (Supervised) in the Netherlands — but the expected approval date has slipped yet again, from March 20 to April 10. The announcement, which Tesla framed as p...

  • [6] Tesla Vs. UNECE: New UN Autonomous Driving Rules Help ...evxl.co

    - The Fact: The UNECE Working Party on Automated Vehicles adopted a draft regulation on January 23, 2026, creating a standardized “Safety Case” framework for autonomous driving systems across 50+ member states. - The Delta: This regulation doesn’t just open...

  • [10] Tesla self-drive cars look for EU approval for 2026euroweeklynews.com

    Tesla trials in Netherlands could introduce EU-wide self-driving cars in 2026 ... Tesla’s push for Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised in Europe is gaining momentum, with the company eagerly looking forward to February 2026 for initial approval through the N...

  • [12] Tesla Full Self-Driving gets huge breakthrough on ...teslarati.com

    All documentation for UN R-171 approval and Article 39 exemptions has been submitted, with RDW now conducting its internal review. Approval in the Netherlands is expected on April 10, shifted from the original March 20 target, following 18 months of rigorou...

  • [13] Tesla says Europe could finally get FSD in 2026, and Dutch ...teslarati.com

    As per Tesla, a Dutch regulatory exemption targeted for February 2026 could very well be the key gateway for a Europe-wide rollout of FSD. ... To unlock approval, Tesla is relying on the Netherlands’ approval authority RDW. The process requires proving comp...

Tesla FSD 想喺歐洲開通：最難唔係軟件，而係攞批文 | 回答 | Studio Global