Alpenglow 唔係一般加速 patch;SIMD 0326 提出以 Votor、Rotor 取代 Solana 現有 Proof of History/Tower BFT 共識架構,目標將 finality 由 12.8 秒降至 100–150 毫秒 [36]。 Votor 負責投票同最終確認,Rotor 負責區塊資料傳播;理論上可減少共識流量、釋放被驗證者投票佔用嘅區塊空間,並降低投票費用壓力 [8][24][36]。

Create a landscape editorial hero image for this Studio Global article: What is Solana’s Alpenglow upgrade, how do its new Votor and Rotor protocols change consensus and block propagation, what performance gains. Article summary: Solana’s Alpenglow is a proposed consensus-layer overhaul that would replace Solana’s current Proof of History/Tower BFT design with a new architecture built around Votor for voting/finality and Rotor for block propagati. Topic tags: general, general web, documentation. Reference image context from search candidates: Reference image 1: visual subject "Solana developers are preparing a sweeping consensus upgrade called Alpenglow, a protocol redesign expected to cut transaction finality from seconds to mere fractions of a second w" source context "What Is Solana’s Alpenglow Upgrade? New Consensus Could Deliver 150ms Transaction Finality" Reference image 2: visual
Alpenglow 最好理解為 Solana 共識層一次大換血,而唔係普通速度 patch。正式提案 SIMD-0326 指,佢會以 Votor(投票與最終確認)同 Rotor(資料傳播)為核心,取代現有 Proof of History 同 Tower BFT,目標係將 Tower BFT 下 12.8 秒嘅 finality 壓到低至 100–150 毫秒 [36]。提案已經通過治理投票,但真正幾時上主網,仍然要睇測試結果同客戶端實作準備情況 [
8][
38]。
對一般用家嚟講,關鍵唔係 app 畫面快唔快彈通知,而係交易去到共識層面幾快算真真正正 settle。呢個分別,正正係 Alpenglow 想處理嘅核心。
現時 Solana 用 Proof of History(PoH)做加密時間排序:leader 節點用可驗證嘅加密證明替區塊加上時間順序,validator 可以檢查呢啲證明 [17]。之後 Tower BFT 透過一層層 validator 投票同 lockout 機制建立共識;每一票都確認一條 fork,並令之前投票嘅 lockout 增加 [
19]。
呢套設計令 Solana 可以有好快嘅 optimistic confirmation/optimistic finality 體感。Anza 路線圖形容 Solana 現時 optimistic finality 大約係 1 秒;但 SIMD-0326 比較嘅係更硬淨嘅共識 finality,由 Tower BFT 嘅 12.8 秒降到 Alpenglow 目標 100–150 毫秒 [26]。
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Alpenglow 唔係一般加速 patch;SIMD 0326 提出以 Votor、Rotor 取代 Solana 現有 Proof of History/Tower BFT 共識架構,目標將 finality 由 12.8 秒降至 100–150 毫秒 [36]。
Alpenglow 唔係一般加速 patch;SIMD 0326 提出以 Votor、Rotor 取代 Solana 現有 Proof of History/Tower BFT 共識架構,目標將 finality 由 12.8 秒降至 100–150 毫秒 [36]。 Votor 負責投票同最終確認,Rotor 負責區塊資料傳播;理論上可減少共識流量、釋放被驗證者投票佔用嘅區塊空間,並降低投票費用壓力 [8][24][36]。
治理投票已通過,但主網啟用未有實日;較保守睇法係 2026 年繼續私有叢集/開發叢集測試,主網可能到 2026 年較後時間先推出 [8][28][38]。
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開啟相關頁面- Votor replaces the vote aggregation layer with dynamic threshold voting, reducing validator network overhead by 40% and cutting confirmation latency - Rotor replaces turbine block propagation with a structured relay protocol that cuts block broadcast time...
Solana transactions take 12.8 seconds to finalize. After Alpenglow, that drops to 150 milliseconds. ... Those votes currently consume 75% of Solana's block space. It passed governance with 98.27% approval, it's in private cluster testing now, and mainnet is...
- Solana's Alpenglow upgrade, approved by 98.27% of stakers, introduces Votor and Rotor to achieve 150ms transaction finality and optimize validator communication. - The upgrade boosts theoretical throughput to 65,000 TPS, surpassing Ethereum's 100,000 TPS...
- Alpenglow reduces Solana finality from 12.8 seconds to 100-150 milliseconds, a 100-fold improvement. - Votor enables one or two-round block finalization through dual-path system with 60-80% stake thresholds. - Rotor uses stake-weighted relay paths to achi...
簡單講:optimistic confirmation 係差唔多可以當成咗;finality 就係共識上更強嘅結算點。對任何需要準確知道交易已結算嘅應用,兩者唔可以混為一談。
Votor 係 Alpenglow 接手投票同區塊最終確認嘅部分 [24]。喺 SIMD-0326 入面,Votor 被描述為輕量、直接投票式 protocol,會按網絡狀況用單輪或雙輪投票去 finalize 區塊 [
36]。
同 Tower BFT 嘅 vote tower/lockout 模式相比,呢個轉變好大。Votor 唔係靠較長嘅 lockout 投票鏈逐步堆高確認,而係設計成喺足夠 stake 參與時,一至兩輪內完成 finality。部分第三方技術整理提到 60%–80% stake threshold,但比較穩陣嘅 primary-source takeaway 係:SIMD-0326 明確寫到單輪或雙輪 finalization model [16][
36]。
Anza 亦提到 Alpenglow 會運用 BLS cryptographic primitives,在維持安全性嘅前提下大幅降低 finalization latency [28]。所以 Votor 想縮短嘅唔只係一個確認提示,而係交易走到 deterministic finality 嘅路徑。
如果 Votor 係負責點樣投票,Rotor 就係負責令區塊資料夠快送到 validator 手上。Anza 形容 Rotor 係 Alpenglow 嘅 data-dissemination protocol,會吸收並改良 Solana 現有 Turbine 區塊傳送思路 [24]。
呢點好實際:如果 validator 收唔到完整區塊資料,就無法評估同投票;finality 再快嘅設計都會受制於資料傳播。第三方技術文章形容 Rotor 會用更有結構、按 stake 加權嘅 relay path 傳播區塊,有估算指 broadcast 目標低於 100 毫秒,亦有文章引用典型網絡環境下 18 毫秒嘅估算 [4][
16]。
不過,呢啲數字應該視為目標或模型估算,唔係已經喺 Solana 主網跑出嚟嘅實測。Rotor 同 Votor 綁埋一齊,原因就係:要快 finality,先要快而穩定咁派到區塊。
Alpenglow 最直接嘅承諾係降低 finality latency;其他好處多數來自減少共識流量,尤其係投票相關 overhead。
| 範疇 | 預期改變 | 要留意 |
|---|---|---|
| 最終確認 | Tower BFT 下 12.8 秒嘅 finality,目標降到約 100–150 毫秒 [ | Solana 現時已有約 1 秒 optimistic finality;最大改變係更強嘅共識 finality,而唔只係體感確認速度 [ |
| 區塊傳播 | Rotor 目標係令區塊分發更快、更可預測;第三方估算提到低於 100 毫秒,甚至典型環境 18 毫秒 [ | 呢啲仍然唔係主網實測數據。 |
| 區塊空間/吞吐量 | Alchemy 指 validator votes 目前約佔 Solana blockspace 75%,如果投票移到鏈下,可釋放相當多空間畀用家交易 [ | Alpenglow 主要係共識/finality 升級,throughput 改善屬間接效果,唔等於保證 raw TPS 即時上升 [ |
| Validator 成本 | 如果較少共識票要作為鏈上交易提交,validator 理論上會少啲持續投票費壓力;有摘要亦提到 Validator Admission Ticket(VAT)模式 [ | 實際慳到幾多,要睇最終實作、費用結構同網絡經濟。 |
| 網絡負荷 | 有技術整理估計 validator communication overhead 可約減 40% [ | 部署後先有可靠量度,現階段仍屬預測。 |
換句話講,Alpenglow 唔係單純將每個執行環節都加速;佢係希望先將共識投票同 finality 變短、變少 overhead,再由此釋放區塊空間同降低驗證者成本壓力。
Alpenglow 概念由 Anza 以 Solana 新共識 protocol 形式介紹,Anza 亦稱佢係 Solana 核心 protocol 至今最大改動 [24]。正式 SIMD-0326 喺 2025 年 8 月提交,稱 Alpenglow 係 Solana 核心共識 protocol 大型 overhaul [
36]。
SolanaFloor 報道,投票於 2025 年 8 月 27 日開始,由 epoch 840 至 epoch 842,約一星期 [41]。治理投票喺 2025 年 9 月初通過;不同報道嘅贊成票比例略有出入:Alchemy 引用 98.27%,Blockworks 引用 98.94% 參與者支持,但兩者都提到總 stake 參與約 52% [
8][
38]。重點係:提案以壓倒性 validator 支持過關。
至於由測試到主網,時間表就無咁死板。Anza 路線圖曾寫 Alpenglow 預期 2026 年初登陸 mainnet;但 2026 年 4 月 Alchemy 摘要指,Alpenglow 當時仍在 private cluster testing,mainnet 預期為 2026 年較後時間 [8][
26]。Anza 亦表示 2026 年重點係將 Alpenglow 由 development clusters 推向更廣泛部署工作 [
28]。
所以較穩陣嘅讀法係:2025 年第三季提出同完成治理;2026 年進入開發/私有叢集測試同部署準備;主網有機會喺 2026 年推出,但若以測試作為閘口,late 2026 會係較保守預期 [8][
28][
36]。
如果按提案落地,Alpenglow 會係 Solana 至今最重要嘅共識層改動之一。Votor 目標係將投票同 finality 壓縮到一至兩個快速 round;Rotor 則要令區塊資料夠快穿過 validator 網絡,支撐呢條低延遲共識路徑 [24][
36]。
100–150 毫秒 finality 呢個目標相當進取,但喺主網證明之前,仍然應該當成工程目標,而唔係既成事實。治理動能已經有,但真正啟用仲要睇測試、實作準備,以及投票 overhead 同 validator 成本下降呢啲預期,能否喺真實網絡環境下成立 [8][
36]。
Solana takes a very different approach, which it calls Proof of History or PoH . Leader nodes "timestamp" blocks with cryptographic proofs that some duration of time has passed since the last proof. All data hashed into the proof most certainly have occurre...
This design describes Solana's Tower BFT algorithm. It addresses the following problems: ... The basic idea to this approach is to stack consensus votes and double lockouts. Each vote in the stack is a confirmation of a fork. Each confirmed fork is an ances...
Alpenglow: A New Consensus for Solana Written By Quentin Kniep, Kobi Sliwinski, and Roger Wattenhofer May 19, 2025 We proudly present Alpenglow, Solana’s new consensus protocol. Alpenglow is a consensus protocol tailored for a global high-performance proof-...
Time-to-inclusion is primarily about transaction lifecycle before a transaction hits the chain and slot-times (currently 400ms); time-to-finality is primarily about the consensus algorithm. ... Solana today offers optimistic finality on the order of 1s. Pos...
Last year, we laid out a clear mission: increase bandwidth, reduce latency, and do it without compromising liveness. ... We shipped the first block limit increases and maintained slot times under 400ms, unlocking levels of throughput never seen on Solana ma...
Authors: Quentin Kniep, Kobi Sliwinski, Roger Wattenhofer ... Alpenglow is a major overhaul of Solana’s core consensus protocol, replacing the existing Proof-of-History and TowerBFT mechanisms with a modern architecture focused on performance, resilience, a...
Solana governance passes Alpenglow consensus upgrade Governance vote clears SIMD-0326, shifting Solana to a new consensus model by Blockworks / ... The Solana community has approved SIMD-0326, known as the Alpenglow consensus protocol, in a governance vote...
SIMD-0326 aims to deliver 150ms block finality, marking the network's most ambitious consensus overhaul to date. ... The Solana community has entered the voting stage for SIMD-0326, also known as Alpenglow, a governance proposal described as the most signif...