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特斯拉 FSD 在欧洲:卡住它的不是代码,而是监管批准

在欧洲,FSD Supervised 被当作车辆功能接受型式认证审查;报道称特斯拉必须证明符合 UN R 171,并可能为部分行为申请 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。 荷兰 RDW 是目前路径的关键:特斯拉已完成最终车辆测试并提交材料,但荷兰批准不等于欧盟范围内已经放行 [5][10][13]。

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Tesla FSD’s EU Approval Blocker: Regulation, Not SoftwareAI-generated editorial illustration of Tesla FSD’s European approval challenge.
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Create a landscape editorial hero image for this Studio Global article: Tesla FSD’s EU Approval Blocker: Regulation, Not Software. Article summary: Tesla’s FSD Supervised faces a regulatory blocker in Europe: it must satisfy UN R 171 and may need Article 39 exemptions for behaviors such as system initiated lane changes [12][13].. Topic tags: tesla, fsd, self driving cars, autonomous vehicles, evs. Reference image context from search candidates: Reference image 1: visual subject "Tesla claimed in a weekend social media post that a Dutch regulator was set to approve its Full Self-Driving mode. It seems the regulator" source context "Tesla FSD software may not be approved by EU regulator after all" Reference image 2: visual subject "Tesla's FSD Visualization Goes Global: A Deep Dive into the European Semi-Truck Update and Its Worldwide Implications - Tesery Official Store" source context "T

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特斯拉 FSD 在欧洲遇到的,不是“软件已经写好,何时 OTA”的单线问题。FSD Supervised(监督版)要在欧洲更大范围开放,关键在于它能否作为一项车辆功能,通过欧洲更强调规则细节的型式认证。

在所给报道中,核心卡点是监管认证:特斯拉需要证明 FSD Supervised 符合与 UNECE(联合国欧洲经济委员会)相关的欧洲规则,尤其是面向 Driver Control Assistance Systems(驾驶员控制辅助系统)的 UN Regulation 171;对于现行规则尚未充分覆盖的动作,还可能需要 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]

欧洲监管为什么比一次 OTA 更难

有报道将美国与欧洲的监管逻辑作了对比:在美国,车企部署驾驶辅助功能的空间相对更大,同时继续接受事故数据报告和缺陷调查;而欧洲的 UNECE 型式认证框架,会更细地规定驾驶辅助系统可以做什么、应当如何表现 [1]

这正是特斯拉在欧洲面对的根本差异。FSD Supervised 不能只被当作一个消费级软件包来评估,它必须被监管机构接受为一项车辆功能。现有报道把 UN R 171 视为 Driver Control Assistance Systems 的主要审批路径,同时称特斯拉还在为部分行为寻求 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]

FSD 为什么不容易塞进既有规则

难点不在某一个孤立功能,而在一整套系统行为:转向、制动、变道,以及在更复杂道路场景中的系统发起操作,是否能被原本面向更受限驾驶辅助系统的法规容纳 [1]

据报道,特斯拉需要证明 FSD Supervised 符合 UN R 171,同时为欧洲仍未规制或受到限制的行为申请豁免。被点名的例子包括:驾驶员不扶方向盘时由系统发起变道,以及在当前规则并未完全覆盖的道路上进行 L2 级驾驶辅助运行 [13]

过去欧洲对特斯拉功能的限制,已经说明这一点为何重要。一篇 2026 年报道称,UN/ECE Regulation 79 自 2019 年以来限制了欧洲的 Autopilot 功能,包括变道必须在驾驶员发起后 5 秒内完成、弯道转向辅助限速 63 公里/小时、横向加速度上限为 3 米/秒²,以及 Summon 功能范围限制在 6 米等 [4]。换句话说,同一个功能名称到了欧洲,并不意味着能按其他市场的方式运行。

为什么荷兰 RDW 成了关键关口

特斯拉近期的欧洲路径,似乎首先要经过荷兰。Electrek 在 2026 年 3 月 20 日报道称,特斯拉已在荷兰与荷兰道路交通主管机构 RDW 完成 FSD Supervised 的最终车辆测试,并提交了 UN R 171 审批所需文件 [5]。另一篇报道也称,特斯拉已经提交 UN R 171 审批和 Article 39 豁免文件,RDW 正在进行内部审查 [12]

荷兰流程之所以受到关注,是因为它被视为可能通向更大范围欧洲投放的入口。报道称,特斯拉依赖 RDW 取得批准;荷兰豁免可能成为迈向更广泛欧盟可用性的第一步 [10][13]

但时间表并不等于结果已经落地。Electrek 在 2026 年 3 月 20 日报道,原本预期的荷兰批准日期已从 3 月 20 日推迟到 4 月 10 日,而更广泛的欧盟范围批准预计要到夏季才可能出现 [5]。所给资料并未确认欧盟范围内的批准已经完成。

国家批准不等于全欧自动可用

即使荷兰率先批准,也不代表所有欧盟市场会立即同步开放。欧洲的自动驾驶和辅助驾驶监管环境,被描述为国家法律与欧盟层面治理交织的格局 [2]。有报道说,荷兰这一步被寄望于带来欧盟范围内的相互承认,但这仍是预期中的后续路径,而不是已经完成的全欧铺开 [10]

因此,特斯拉要解决的不是能不能跑完一条演示路线,而是能否向监管机构提交足够证据,让 FSD Supervised 在 UNECE/EU 相关框架下获得认可;之后,还要把任何国家层面的批准转化为更广泛的欧洲法律路径 [5][12][13]

UNECE 新规则可能有帮助,但不是捷径

规则本身也在变化。2026 年 2 月的一篇报道称,UNECE 自动驾驶车辆工作组已在 2026 年 1 月 23 日通过一项法规草案,为 50 多个成员国的自动驾驶系统建立标准化的安全案例(Safety Case)框架;该报道还称,2026 年 6 月的投票是这项法规可能生效的最早时间点 [6]

这可能让未来审批路径更清晰,但并不等于自动放行 Tesla FSD。报道中的框架更像是面向多家车企的通用审批语言,而不是给特斯拉单独开绿灯;特斯拉仍需满足相应安全和审批要求 [6]

结论

特斯拉 FSD Supervised 在欧洲的核心门槛,是监管认可,而不是简单的软件开关。基于所给报道,特斯拉需要证明符合 UN R 171,拿到必要的 Article 39 豁免,并借助荷兰 RDW 流程为更广泛的欧洲认可铺路 [12][13]

在这条路径完成之前,FSD Supervised 即便已在欧洲完成测试、提交文件,也不能被视为已经获得欧盟范围内的确认授权 [5]

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要点

  • 在欧洲,FSD Supervised 被当作车辆功能接受型式认证审查;报道称特斯拉必须证明符合 UN R 171,并可能为部分行为申请 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。
  • 荷兰 RDW 是目前路径的关键:特斯拉已完成最终车辆测试并提交材料,但荷兰批准不等于欧盟范围内已经放行 [5][10][13]。
  • UNECE 新规则可能让未来审批更清晰,但报道中的 2026 年框架不会自动授权 Tesla FSD 上路 [6]。

人们还问

“特斯拉 FSD 在欧洲:卡住它的不是代码,而是监管批准”的简短答案是什么?

在欧洲,FSD Supervised 被当作车辆功能接受型式认证审查;报道称特斯拉必须证明符合 UN R 171,并可能为部分行为申请 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。

首先要验证的关键点是什么?

在欧洲,FSD Supervised 被当作车辆功能接受型式认证审查;报道称特斯拉必须证明符合 UN R 171,并可能为部分行为申请 Article 39 豁免 [12][13]。 荷兰 RDW 是目前路径的关键:特斯拉已完成最终车辆测试并提交材料,但荷兰批准不等于欧盟范围内已经放行 [5][10][13]。

接下来在实践中我应该做什么?

UNECE 新规则可能让未来审批更清晰,但报道中的 2026 年框架不会自动授权 Tesla FSD 上路 [6]。

接下来我应该探索哪个相关主题?

继续“Claude Security 公测版详解:Anthropic 的 AI 代码漏洞扫描工具”以获得另一个角度和额外的引用。

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What is the main obstacle Tesla’s Full Self-Driving system faces before it can receive EU-wide approval?

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引用的答案

The main obstacle is regulatory approval under Europe’s UNECE/EU type-approval framework—not simply Tesla’s software capability. Tesla must prove FSD Supervised complies with rules such as UN R-171 for driver-assistance systems and obtain exemptions or approval for behaviors that current rules may not fully cover, such as system-initiated maneuvers beyond limited conditions [7][13].

  • Europe requires vehicle systems like FSD to pass formal type-approval rules before deployment across member states, unlike the more flexible U.S. approach [1].

  • Tesla’s near-term path appears to run through the Dutch approval authority RDW, with the Netherlands potentially serving as the gateway to broader EU recognition [5][13].

  • The sticking point is that FSD’s capabilities—especially automated lane changes, city-street behavior, and system-initiated maneuvers—must fit within or receive exemptions from existing European regulations [7][13].

  • In short: the blocker is regulatory certification and harmonization across Europe, especially proving compliance with UNECE driver-assistance rules, rather than a single technical feature.

来源

  • [1] FSD on European Roads: What a 2026 Approval Means for ...teslaacessories.com

    In the United States, regulators have given automakers more room to deploy new driver‑assist systems as long as crash‑data reporting and defect investigations remain active. Europe, by contrast, has built a dense framework of type‑approval regulations under...

  • [2] New UN Autonomous Driving Regulation Could Unlock ...notateslaapp.com

    A decade ago, the promise of autonomous vehicles felt imminent, but as technology matured, it became obvious that the roadblock wasn’t just neural networks, sensors, or code, but also regulatory hurdles. In markets like Europe, where autonomous laws are mov...

  • [4] Tesla Autopilot Phase Out: Why Region Restrictions and ...techtimes.com

    Tesla region restrictions vary significantly based on local EV regulation and self-driving standards. In Europe, UN/ECE Regulation 79 has limited Autopilot functionality since 2019 across more than 30 countries including Germany, France, the United Kingdom,...

  • [5] Tesla delays FSD approval in Europe again, now expects April 10electrek.co

    Tesla’s European arm announced today that it has completed all vehicle testing for Full Self-Driving (Supervised) in the Netherlands — but the expected approval date has slipped yet again, from March 20 to April 10. The announcement, which Tesla framed as p...

  • [6] Tesla Vs. UNECE: New UN Autonomous Driving Rules Help ...evxl.co

    - The Fact: The UNECE Working Party on Automated Vehicles adopted a draft regulation on January 23, 2026, creating a standardized “Safety Case” framework for autonomous driving systems across 50+ member states. - The Delta: This regulation doesn’t just open...

  • [10] Tesla self-drive cars look for EU approval for 2026euroweeklynews.com

    Tesla trials in Netherlands could introduce EU-wide self-driving cars in 2026 ... Tesla’s push for Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised in Europe is gaining momentum, with the company eagerly looking forward to February 2026 for initial approval through the N...

  • [12] Tesla Full Self-Driving gets huge breakthrough on ...teslarati.com

    All documentation for UN R-171 approval and Article 39 exemptions has been submitted, with RDW now conducting its internal review. Approval in the Netherlands is expected on April 10, shifted from the original March 20 target, following 18 months of rigorou...

  • [13] Tesla says Europe could finally get FSD in 2026, and Dutch ...teslarati.com

    As per Tesla, a Dutch regulatory exemption targeted for February 2026 could very well be the key gateway for a Europe-wide rollout of FSD. ... To unlock approval, Tesla is relying on the Netherlands’ approval authority RDW. The process requires proving comp...