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欧洲山火“保障缺口”急剧扩大，三大警示信号不容忽视

2026年山火季成为欧洲近代最严重的一次，仅头两个月过火面积近50万公顷，经济损失已超30亿欧元； 2025年西班牙山火经济损失约50亿欧元，但仅约五分之一获保险赔付，凸显4:1的保障缺口； EIOPA和欧洲央行提议建立欧盟层面的公私合营再保险机制，但山火一旦烧入城市，保费将飙升、覆盖将进一步萎缩。

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Aerial view of a wildfire approaching a residential area in southern Europe, illustrating the growing threat of urban wildfires and the insurance protection gap. — What are the key warnings from major insurers about Europe's widening wildfire protection gap, and how do recent wildfire events, rising insWildfires approaching residential areas in southern Europe underscore the urban exposure that insurers and EU regulators warn could be a tipping point for the protection gap. (AI-generated editorial image)
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Create a landscape editorial hero image for this Studio Global article: What are the key warnings from major insurers about Europe's widening wildfire protection gap, and how do recent wildfire events, rising ins. Article summary: Europe's wildfire "protection gap" — the difference between total economic losses and what insurance covers — is widening sharply, and major insurers, regulators, and EU institutions are all warning that the current syst. Topic tags: general, government, news, general web, user generated. Style: premium digital editorial illustration, source-backed research mood, clean composition, high detail, modern web publication hero. Use reference image context only for broad subject, composition, and topical grounding; do not copy the exact image. Avoid: logos, brand marks, copyrighted characters, real person likenesses, fake screenshots, UI text, readable text, watermar
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欧洲山火的**“保障缺口”**——即总经济损失与保险赔付之间的差距——正在急剧扩大。大型保险公司、监管机构和欧盟机构一致警告：现行体系无法应对气候驱动灾害时代的需求。

主要保险公司与监管机构的三大警示

瑞士再保险：存在“重大保险缺口”

瑞士再保险首席财务官 Anders Malmström 警告，欧洲在自然灾害保险覆盖方面落后于其他地区，保障缺口正在扩大。南欧山火损失通常不在国家保险池覆盖范围内，房主需自行购买私人保险，而许多人并未投保。但瑞士再保险同时表示，今夏山火不会对其业绩产生实质性影响——原因恰恰是绝大多数损失根本没有保险。这一悖论恰恰凸显了缺口的严重性。

苏黎世、安联、慕尼黑再保险：“区域覆盖不足”

在 CNBC 2026年8月7日发布的报道中，欧洲多家大型保险公司表示，该地区为日益频繁和严重的山火、热浪与极端天气所提供的保险覆盖不足。它们将保障缺口描述为一个结构性弱点，使家庭、企业和政府都暴露在风险之中。

Morningstar DBRS：城市暴露才是真正考验

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