主要石油公司下游利润创纪录。 供应稀缺带来了非凡的盈利:
前景脆弱——利润由战争驱动,非基本面因素。 路透社在其分析中标题为"伊朗战争开启炼油黄金时代,但难以持久" 。创纪录的利润率是战时供应破坏的直接后果:霍尔木兹海峡关闭、对中东炼油厂的直接攻击,以及乌克兰对俄罗斯加工厂的无人机袭击
。美国能源信息署(EIA)估计,冲突前的生产和贸易模式要到2026年底或2027年初才能恢复
。IEA警告称,仅因冲突,2026年全球石油产量将每日减少390万桶
。各方分析师均强调,这些利润是暂时的,并不反映行业的结构性健康。
政治反弹与多项调查。 燃油价格飙升引发了激烈的政治反应:
沙特阿美的结构性警告。 除了直接的战争损失,沙特阿美市场分析与可持续发展副总裁穆萨布·阿尔·穆拉(Musaab Al Mulla)在2026年6月警告称,多年来炼油行业投资长期不足,甚至在最近的冲突发生之前,2020年至2023年间因缺乏新项目已损失约300万桶/日的产能 。"现在我们意识到,拥有那些炼油厂本可以大大缓解当前危机的冲击,"阿尔·穆拉在伦敦举行的标普全球能源中东石油与天然气会议上表示
。这种结构性赤字意味着,即使和平最终回归,系统也没有缓冲。
炼油危机直接转化为消费者在加油站的痛苦。由于供应限制,亚洲炼油厂加工了较轻质的原油等级,仅2026年4月,柴油和喷气燃料产量预计至少减少100万桶/日 。主要消费地区的汽油库存处于多年低点附近
。即使原油产量部分恢复(在暂时的海湾出口窗口期后略有改善),也未能缓解炼油瓶颈,因为炼油厂本身受损、停工或无法获取其通常的原油等级。EIA预计正常贸易模式要到2027年初才能恢复,这意味着高燃油价格可能持续
。
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