NEAR 据多家报道正推进 FIPS 204 / ML DSA 后量子签名支持，并计划让账户通过一次交易轮换到抗量子访问密钥。[4][5][7][9] 它的结构性优势在于：账户地址和控制账户的 Access Keys 分离，一个账户可拥有多个访问密钥，密钥不是账户身份本身。[17][19][23] 比特币和以太坊目前并未被量子计算机攻破，但现有椭圆曲线签名、钱包和验证规则让大规模迁移更难；NEAR 的具体上线细节仍主要来自二手报道。[1][3][4][5][9][12]
Create a landscape editorial hero image for this Studio Global article: NEAR Protocol’s Quantum-Safe Plan Could Be Easier Than Bitcoin or Ethereum’s. Article summary: NEAR is reportedly preparing a Q2 2026 post quantum signature rollout based on NIST FIPS 204/ML DSA; the advantage is that NEAR accounts can rotate access keys without changing account identity, though rollout details.... Topic tags: near protocol, blockchain, quantum computing, post quantum cryptography, crypto security. Reference image context from search candidates: Reference image 1: visual subject "# NEAR Plans Post-Quantum-Safe Signing for Q2 2026 Testnet. NEAR's human-readable account model and rotatable access keys give it a structural advantage for quantum migration — use" source context "NEAR Plans Post Quantum Safe Signing for Q2 2026 Testnet" Reference image 2: visual subject "Project Eleven CEO Warns Bitcoin Qu
NEAR 的后量子叙事，表面上是要接入新的签名算法；更值得关注的是，它能否让用户在不更换账户身份的情况下，换掉控制账户的“钥匙”。NEAR 官方文档称，账户由唯一地址标识，可选择部署智能合约，并通过 Access Keys 控制；多家 2026 年 5 月报道则称，NEAR One 正在推进 FIPS 204 / ML-DSA 后量子签名支持。[4][
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据多家报道，NEAR 将增加后量子密码学支持，NEAR One 会把基于格的 FIPS 204 签名方案作为首个后量子签名选项。[4][
5] 另有报道称，其路线图目标是在 2026 年第二季度结束前，将 FIPS 204 部署到测试网。
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NEAR 据多家报道正推进 FIPS 204 / ML DSA 后量子签名支持，并计划让账户通过一次交易轮换到抗量子访问密钥。[4][5][7][9]
NEAR 据多家报道正推进 FIPS 204 / ML DSA 后量子签名支持，并计划让账户通过一次交易轮换到抗量子访问密钥。[4][5][7][9] 它的结构性优势在于：账户地址和控制账户的 Access Keys 分离，一个账户可拥有多个访问密钥，密钥不是账户身份本身。[17][19][23]
比特币和以太坊目前并未被量子计算机攻破，但现有椭圆曲线签名、钱包和验证规则让大规模迁移更难；NEAR 的具体上线细节仍主要来自二手报道。[1][3][4][5][9][12]
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打开相关页面The transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) poses an unprecedented challenge for Bitcoin and Ethereum, as it involves implementing a defensive downgrade that imposes immediate, severe costs with no tangible benefits. While quantum computers capable of...
Ethereum uses to keep the network secure and protect user funds. Eventually, some of these cryptographic methods will be vulnerable to quantum computers , which can solve specific mathematical problems exponentially faster than classical machines. No quantu...
According to ChainCatcher, the NEAR Protocol team is gearing up to add post-quantum cryptography support to the network. NEAR's account model is different from Bitcoin and Ethereum; it's decoupled from cryptography and controlled via rotatable access keys....
ChainCatcher reports that NEAR Protocol has posted on X that its team is adding post-quantum cryptography support to the network. Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, NEAR’s account model decouples accounts from cryptography, controlling access through rotatable ke...
FIPS 204 是美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）于 2024 年 8 月 13 日最终发布的“模块格数字签名标准”。[34] FIPS 204 定义的 ML-DSA，在 RFC 9882 中被描述为一种后量子数字签名方案，目标是在面对拥有“密码学相关量子计算机”（CRQC）的对手时仍保持安全。[
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报道中的实际看点更接近用户体验层面：一旦支持上线，NEAR 账户持有人据称可以通过一笔交易把账户轮换到抗量子密钥。[4][
5][
7] 这很重要，因为它把后量子迁移设计成“更改账户权限”，而不是要求用户放弃原来的账户身份。
在 NEAR 里，账户并不等同于某一把永久私钥。官方文档说，用户通过 NEAR 账户参与生态，账户由唯一地址识别，可选择持有智能合约，并通过 Access Keys 控制。[19]
这些访问密钥还有权限分层。NEAR 文档列出两类主要密钥：full-access key（可控制整个账户）和 function-call key（可限制到特定合约调用）。[17] NEAR 协议规范还写明，每个访问密钥属于某个账户，由公钥识别；一个账户可以没有密钥，也可以拥有多个访问密钥。[
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因此，密钥不是账户的“身份证”。如果 FIPS 204 / ML-DSA 支持按报道落地，用户可以给既有账户添加或轮换一个后量子访问密钥，同时保留同一个 NEAR 账户地址，以及该账户下的资产或合约关系。[4][
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用一个更直观的比喻：这更像给家门换锁芯，而不是把所有东西搬去新房子。
量子风险并不是说主流区块链今天已经被攻破。以太坊自己的路线图明确写道，目前没有量子计算机能够攻破以太坊的密码学；但它也提醒，未来部分用于保护网络和用户资金的密码方法会受到量子计算机威胁。[3]
真正棘手的是迁移。2026 年一篇讨论比特币和以太坊混合后量子签名的论文，把转向后量子密码学描述为“前所未有的挑战”，因为这种防御性升级可能立即带来成本，却没有短期内用户可见的收益。[1] 同一篇论文将问题聚焦在基于 secp256k1 的现有签名基础设施，如何进行协议级接入。[
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其他密码学研究摘要也指出，依赖 ECDSA 的区块链，如比特币和以太坊，存在链上公钥暴露和缺乏后量子安全保证的问题；一些迁移方案可能很笨重，或要求地址变更。[12]
这正是 NEAR 的对比点。比特币和标准以太坊账户流程更深地嵌在现有椭圆曲线签名、钱包行为和交易验证规则中。[1][
3][
12] NEAR 则有一个更直接的插入点：挂在既有账户上的 Access Keys。[
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NEAR 不应因为后量子支持的报道，就被视为已经“量子免疫”。目前最硬的一手证据包括：NIST 已经最终发布 FIPS 204；NEAR 官方文档已经描述了由一个或多个访问密钥控制账户的模型。[17][
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更具体的上线说法——FIPS 204 作为 NEAR 首个后量子签名选项、一次交易轮换密钥、与软硬件钱包协作、2026 年第二季度测试网目标——在给定材料中主要来自引用 NEAR 或 NEAR One 公告的二手报道。[4][
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如果报道中的路线成功落地，NEAR 用户向抗量子密钥迁移时，可能不必像许多较早的区块链设计那样，同时处理新签名方案、钱包行为、交易验证和大规模资金迁移。[1][
4][
5][
9][
12] 这不会自动让 NEAR 一夜之间“量子安全”，但它确实给后量子迁移提供了一条更清晰的工程路径。
NEAR Protocol has officially confirmed the integration of post-quantum cryptography into its network, allowing account holders to rotate their keys and become quantum-safe with a single transaction. The announcement, posted by the project on May 6, 2026, ma...
NEAR Protocol is adding post-quantum cryptography support, allowing accounts to complete key rotation in a single transaction ... NEAR Protocol stated on platform X that the team is adding post-quantum cryptography support for the network. NEAR's account mo...
NEAR Protocol targets Q2 2026 for NIST-approved post-quantum signatures as quantum computing threats to blockchain cryptography accelerate faster than expected. ... The Near One team published a detailed roadmap on May 6, outlining steps to make NEAR accoun...
In particular, blockchains relying on ECDSA, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, exhibit inherent vulnerabilities due to on-chain public key exposure and the lack of post-quantum security guarantees. Although several post-quantum transition proposals have been in...
In NEAR, users control their accounts using access keys, which can be full-access keys or function-call keys. Full-access keys allow complete control over the account, while function-call keys restrict actions to specific contracts. This system enables secu...
Fetch the complete documentation index at: ... Users participate in the NEAR ecosystem through their NEAR accounts. These accounts are identified by a unique address, can optionally hold a smart contract, and are controlled through Access Keys. By signing t...
Access key provides an access for a particular account. Each access key belongs to some account and is identified by a unique (within the account) public key. Access keys are stored as account id,public key in a trie state. Account can have from zero to mul...
FIPS 204 Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard Date Published: August 13, 2024 Planning Note (02/23/2026): (2/23/26) See the errata (potential updates) spreadsheet under "Documentation" for a list of several minor issues that will be corrected in...
The Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (ML-DSA), as defined by NIST in FIPS 204, is a post-quantum digital signature scheme that aims to be secure against an adversary in possession of a Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computer (CRQC). This...
