แผน 2 ล้านล้านหยวนของจีน สร้างเครือข่าย AI แห่งชาติ นำโดยรัฐ ตัดขาดชิปสหรัฐ

At the heart of the initiative is a mandate to source at least 80% of the technology—including AI chips—from local suppliers such as Huawei Technologies, effectively sidelining U.S. chipmakers like Nvidia and AMD from these state-funded projects . The plan also calls for state-owned enterprises, specifically China Mobile and China Telecom, to operate most of the data centers and ensure data interconnectivity, weaving scattered regional facilities into a cohesive “national computing network” .

This AI infrastructure buildout is not a standalone project. It is the computing pillar of a much larger state-driven infrastructure program known as the “Six Networks,” a cornerstone of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) that treats computing power as a strategic public utility .

Core Plan Details: The 2 Trillion Yuan Computing Push

The 2 trillion yuan AI data center plan represents a significant escalation in China’s state-capitalist approach to technology infrastructure. Key details reported by people familiar with the matter include:

• Investment and Timeline: A total investment of approximately 2 trillion yuan (~$295 billion) is planned over the next five years. The goal is to connect existing, fragmented computing facilities into a unified network by 2028, aligning with a phased national data infrastructure plan that targets large-scale data interconnectivity by 2027–2028 .
• Domestic Sourcing Mandate: The plan’s most direct industrial policy tool is a requirement that at least 80% of the technologies, specifically AI chips, must come from domestic suppliers. Huawei is explicitly named as a primary beneficiary, which would effectively cut Nvidia and AMD out of this state-funded expansion . This aligns with earlier guidelines issued in 2025 that mandated state-funded data centers phase out foreign AI chips .
• State-Owned Operators: The data centers will be largely operated by state-owned telecom carriers China Mobile and China Telecom. This contrasts with the U.S. model, where private hyperscalers like Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and Meta dominate AI infrastructure investment . The U.S. Big Tech AI capital expenditure was estimated at over $350 billion in 2025, nearly ten times the spending of China’s major cloud providers that year, highlighting the different structural approaches .
• The National Computing Network Concept: Chinese authorities are accelerating the construction of a “National Computing Network” that allows users to purchase computing tokens, similar to buying mobile data. The aim is to turn AI infrastructure into a public utility, not a resource controlled by individual tech companies .

Strategic Context and the Six Networks Mega-Program

The AI data center plan is the most prominent component of a vastly larger infrastructure initiative. In 2026, China’s Politburo elevated compute networks to the same strategic tier as water networks, power grids, communications, pipelines, and logistics—a concept formalized as the “Six Networks” (六张网) .

This move reframes AI computing from a tech industry concern to a “civilizational utility on par with drinking water and electricity” . The Six Networks include:

1. Water networks
2. New-type power grids
3. Computing power networks ← The 2 trillion yuan AI data center plan falls here
4. Next-generation communication networks
5. Urban underground pipeline networks
6. Logistics networks

The scale of the overall Six Networks program is staggering. Total annual investment across all six categories is projected to exceed 7 trillion yuan (~$970 billion) in 2026 alone, a figure that has drawn comparisons to China’s 4 trillion yuan stimulus in 2009 . NDRC head Zheng Shanjie confirmed this estimate, describing it as a drive to “expand investment and stabilize growth” while supporting industrial development and national security .

The Power Problem: Where the 5 Trillion Yuan Figure Comes From

The user’s question references a potential total of 5 trillion yuan when power grid integration is included. This figure originates from a separate but deeply intertwined investment: a planned 5 trillion yuan ($722 billion) to upgrade China’s power grid over the same 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026–2030) .

This grid investment is not directly the “Six Networks computing pillar” budget, but it is essential for AI data centers to function. Goldman Sachs analysts have noted that China’s grid investment has evolved into a structural reshaping focused on supporting the power requirements of AI . The State Grid Corporation’s own plan to invest $574 billion through 2030 represents a 40% increase over the previous five-year period, with much of the focus on integrating renewable energy sources for power-hungry AI facilities .

China is coordinating data center planning with energy infrastructure in resource-rich regions like Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang, aiming to power the AI boom with green electricity . Thus, while the 2 trillion yuan is specifically for computing infrastructure, the parallel 5 trillion yuan power grid upgrade is the necessary enabler, creating a total ecosystem investment of approximately 7 trillion yuan when considered together.

The U.S.-China Divide: State-Led vs. Big Tech-Led

The plan crystallizes a fundamental strategic divergence. The U.S. model is driven by massive private-sector capital expenditure from a handful of tech giants. In contrast, China is building a state-led AI infrastructure directed and coordinated by central government planning agencies .

By mandating domestic chip sourcing, Beijing is also accelerating a technology ecosystem split. The policy reinforces a “two-loop” dynamic where China’s open-source AI strategy and domestic industrial policy mutually reinforce each other, aiming to build a self-sufficient computing supply chain from semiconductors to data center operations .

In summary, China’s reported 2 trillion yuan plan is a structured, state-directed push to build a national computing network, enforced by a hard domestic-sourcing mandate and operated by state-owned telecoms, all within the broader “Six Networks” strategic framework of the 15th Five-Year Plan .