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Most pointedly, he turned his fire on his own industry’s response. “Our profession has been too quiet, too passive, and too fragmented in the face of abuses by AI companies,” Sulzberger told the room, framing collective inaction as a failure of nerve . His prescription was a “new deal” that would force AI profits to flow back into newsrooms, a structural correction that he argued must be won through unity rather than individual publisher deals .

Sulzberger had the data to back up the urgency. AI-generated overviews have already been shown to cut click-through rates on web search results roughly in half, a trend that directly starves publishers of the referral traffic that digital business models depend on . The speech—delivered before an audience of more than 1,300 people from over 60 countries—was widely characterized as the most forceful defense of journalism’s economic foundations at the intersection of AI, copyright, and tech platform power .

Three survival playbooks: The divergent publisher AI strategies

While Sulzberger’s speech set the combative tone, a deep-dive session titled "Discovery: How to Survive and Profit from AI" revealed that there is no single industry consensus on what comes next. Three publishers offered starkly different visions .

Kleine Zeitung: AI bots as “a new class of readers”

Austria’s Kleine Zeitung is making the most radical conceptual bet: stop optimizing for human readers alone. Sebastian Krause, head of digital, laid out a publishing strategy being rebuilt around the premise that AI agents and crawlers constitute an emerging audience segment that must be served and measured differently from humans. After spending 15 years chasing Google clicks, Krause argued, publishers now face a new kind of visitor—ones that consume journalism but often do not click through to the source site. His team is now designing content architectures that account for bot-readership as a first-class user .

Bonnier News: conversational archives and personalization

Sweden’s Bonnier News centered its pitch on using AI to deepen subscriber engagement rather than simply generating more content. Chief Product Officer Jan Helin described a move toward conversational archive interfaces that let users interact with the publisher’s vast backlog of reporting through natural language, moving beyond broad recommendation systems toward a more personalized, interactive model . Bonnier has also taken a defensive licensing stance externally while aggressively deploying internal AI productivity tools across software development and customer service .

The Hindu Group: AI-repackaged content that drives engagement

The most concrete engagement metrics presented in Marseille came from India’s The Hindu Group. CPO Pundi Sriram demonstrated how the publisher is using AI not as a content generation engine but as a discovery and personalization tool. The core tactic: reformatting the same piece of journalism into multiple AI-generated versions—summaries, Q&A formats, short (~200 word) versions, and longer (~300 word) versions—tailored to different reading behaviors. The result was a measurable leap in engagement with AI-generated formats, rising from 6% to 36% . The Hindu has organized its AI efforts around three pillars—format adaptation, personalized discovery points across the app, and modality shifts like AI-generated audio—all while maintaining a strict human-in-the-loop policy for published content .

The SPUR Coalition expands: Collective action on AI licensing

The Congress also served as the public stage for a significant structural move: the expansion of the SPUR Coalition, the publisher alliance pushing for standardized AI licensing terms and collective bargaining leverage. The coalition added approximately 30 new members, a growth spurt that pulled in heavyweight regional players across Europe. Among the new entrants were SIPA Ouest-France Group, the French regional press union and the country’s largest such grouping; Bonnier News of Sweden; Ringier, the Swiss media conglomerate; and a notable institutional affiliation with WAN-IFRA itself joining as a global affiliate . The expansion signals a maturing coordination effort across national lines, moving from scattered bilateral licensing deals toward an industry-wide attempt to establish standard terms for how news content is valued and remunerated by AI platforms .

By the time the Congress adjourned on June 3, the message from Marseille was clear: the fight over AI in journalism is no longer coming. It is here, and publishers are now making concrete—if divergent—choices about whether to fight, adapt, or treat the machines as a strange new kind of subscriber .