The Core Components of the $10 Billion Deal

The agreement is not a single contract but a package that includes a strategic cooperation agreement and a large-scale investment pact designed to develop a new class of AI infrastructure in Kazakhstan . Here’s what the deal specifically involves:

• The Data Center Valley: The project will be built on a 200-hectare dedicated zone in Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Region. The master plan is highly ambitious, aiming for an initial 300 MW of capacity that will eventually scale to a full gigawatt (1 GW) . This positions it to compete with other global hyperscale data center hubs.
• Phase 1 Investment ($5 Billion): The project’s first phase is a $5 billion investment that includes $1 billion from the state-owned telecommunications operator, Kazakhtelecom . Construction on this initial phase is targeted to begin in 2027 .
• The 125 MW Facility and Nvidia Hardware: At the heart of Phase 1 is a 125-megawatt facility designed to house an immense cluster of 100,000 Nvidia GPUs . This will be one of the most powerful computing clusters in the world, deploying Nvidia GB300 processors and the next-generation Vera Rubin architecture (VR200 and the subsequent Kyber racks) . These platforms succeed the Blackwell generation and are so powerful that they require all-liquid cooling due to rack power draws that can reach up to 600 kW .
• Export Revenue Target: The Kazakh government expects the project to generate approximately $3 billion in annual export revenue from AI compute services once fully operational .

Nvidia’s role extends beyond simply being a supplier. The company is actively supporting Firebird with the overall project design, technology roadmap, and GPU supply chain, effectively acting as the architectural and hardware foundation for the Data Center Valley .

Firebird’s Blueprint: From Armenia to Kazakhstan

The Kazakhstan deal is not Firebird’s first foray into sovereign AI infrastructure. It follows a clear replication of its earlier and highly successful model established in Armenia, but on a dramatically larger scale.

In 2025, Firebird emerged from stealth mode with a $500 million public-private partnership with the Armenian government, also backed by Nvidia and Dell Technologies . After securing crucial U.S. export licenses for advanced chips, the 100 MW facility began its first phase in 2026 . In February 2026, the project was massively scaled to $4 billion in a second phase, adding 41,000 Nvidia GB300 GPUs to create a 50,000-GPU cluster—enough to rank Armenia among the top five largest AI computing sites globally at the time of the announcement . Armenian financial institutions, including Ameriabank, Ardshinbank, and others, provided the local syndicated financing to make the expansion possible .

This track record in Armenia—successfully managing U.S. chip export controls, arranging local financing, and scaling rapidly—established the template that Firebird is now deploying in Kazakhstan at twenty times the initial scale.

A Broader National Push: Beyond Firebird

The Firebird deal is the largest piece of Kazakhstan’s aggressive, multi-pronged strategy to pivot its economy from fossil fuels to digital technology. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev declared 2026 the “Year of Digitalization and AI” and the country adopted the Digital Qazaqstan national strategy to guide this transformation . The Data Center Valley in Ekibastuz was already envisioned as a magnet for global hyperscalers like Microsoft before the Firebird agreement solidified its anchor tenant .

Crucially, the Firebird project sits alongside another major, separate initiative:

• The $2 Billion Sovereign AI Hub: In November 2025, Freedom Holding Corp. (NASDAQ: FRHC) signed an agreement with the Ministry of AI and Digital Development to build a $2 billion sovereign AI hub, also powered by Nvidia’s exascale infrastructure . This project is focused on national AI sovereignty and sensitive public-sector workloads, creating a “sovereign” environment distinct from the commercial export-focused Firebird Data Center Valley .

Together, these parallel tracks reveal a sophisticated national strategy: one track (Firebird) aims to make Kazakhstan a competitive exporter of commercial AI compute power, while the other (Freedom Holding/Nvidia) secures a dedicated sovereign infrastructure for the nation’s own digital future. By leveraging its abundant and cheap energy resources centered in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan is spending billions to transform from a country of pipelines into a country of processors .

The Core Components of the $10 Billion Deal

The agreement is not a single contract but a package that includes a strategic cooperation agreement and a large-scale investment pact designed to develop a new class of AI infrastructure in Kazakhstan . Here’s what the deal specifically involves:

• The Data Center Valley: The project will be built on a 200-hectare dedicated zone in Ekibastuz, Pavlodar Region. The master plan is highly ambitious, aiming for an initial 300 MW of capacity that will eventually scale to a full gigawatt (1 GW) . This positions it to compete with other global hyperscale data center hubs.
• Phase 1 Investment ($5 Billion): The project’s first phase is a $5 billion investment that includes $1 billion from the state-owned telecommunications operator, Kazakhtelecom . Construction on this initial phase is targeted to begin in 2027 .
• The 125 MW Facility and Nvidia Hardware: At the heart of Phase 1 is a 125-megawatt facility designed to house an immense cluster of 100,000 Nvidia GPUs . This will be one of the most powerful computing clusters in the world, deploying Nvidia GB300 processors and the next-generation Vera Rubin architecture (VR200 and the subsequent Kyber racks) . These platforms succeed the Blackwell generation and are so powerful that they require all-liquid cooling due to rack power draws that can reach up to 600 kW .
• Export Revenue Target: The Kazakh government expects the project to generate approximately $3 billion in annual export revenue from AI compute services once fully operational .

Nvidia’s role extends beyond simply being a supplier. The company is actively supporting Firebird with the overall project design, technology roadmap, and GPU supply chain, effectively acting as the architectural and hardware foundation for the Data Center Valley .

Firebird’s Blueprint: From Armenia to Kazakhstan

The Kazakhstan deal is not Firebird’s first foray into sovereign AI infrastructure. It follows a clear replication of its earlier and highly successful model established in Armenia, but on a dramatically larger scale.

In 2025, Firebird emerged from stealth mode with a $500 million public-private partnership with the Armenian government, also backed by Nvidia and Dell Technologies . After securing crucial U.S. export licenses for advanced chips, the 100 MW facility began its first phase in 2026 . In February 2026, the project was massively scaled to $4 billion in a second phase, adding 41,000 Nvidia GB300 GPUs to create a 50,000-GPU cluster—enough to rank Armenia among the top five largest AI computing sites globally at the time of the announcement . Armenian financial institutions, including Ameriabank, Ardshinbank, and others, provided the local syndicated financing to make the expansion possible .

This track record in Armenia—successfully managing U.S. chip export controls, arranging local financing, and scaling rapidly—established the template that Firebird is now deploying in Kazakhstan at twenty times the initial scale.

A Broader National Push: Beyond Firebird

The Firebird deal is the largest piece of Kazakhstan’s aggressive, multi-pronged strategy to pivot its economy from fossil fuels to digital technology. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev declared 2026 the “Year of Digitalization and AI” and the country adopted the Digital Qazaqstan national strategy to guide this transformation . The Data Center Valley in Ekibastuz was already envisioned as a magnet for global hyperscalers like Microsoft before the Firebird agreement solidified its anchor tenant .

Crucially, the Firebird project sits alongside another major, separate initiative:

• The $2 Billion Sovereign AI Hub: In November 2025, Freedom Holding Corp. (NASDAQ: FRHC) signed an agreement with the Ministry of AI and Digital Development to build a $2 billion sovereign AI hub, also powered by Nvidia’s exascale infrastructure . This project is focused on national AI sovereignty and sensitive public-sector workloads, creating a “sovereign” environment distinct from the commercial export-focused Firebird Data Center Valley .

Together, these parallel tracks reveal a sophisticated national strategy: one track (Firebird) aims to make Kazakhstan a competitive exporter of commercial AI compute power, while the other (Freedom Holding/Nvidia) secures a dedicated sovereign infrastructure for the nation’s own digital future. By leveraging its abundant and cheap energy resources centered in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan is spending billions to transform from a country of pipelines into a country of processors .