Inside Tesla's European FSD Battle: Misleading Data and Mounting Regulatory Doubt

The most damning detail came from Tesla’s own workforce. Reuters interviewed nine former Tesla data labelers—workers responsible for training the AI that powers FSD—who said they do not trust the technology to drive them personally . A former self-driving engineer and 11 traffic-safety researchers were also interviewed, painting what Electrek called a “damning picture of the gap between Tesla’s safety marketing and the reality of its autonomous driving program” .

Regulatory bodies in Sweden and the Netherlands were the recipients of the data now in question. The figures were part of Tesla’s formal application to get FSD (Supervised) approved for public-road use across Europe, a process that began when Tesla approached the Dutch road authority RDW in late 2024 .

How regulators and independent experts responded

The response from European regulators has been unusually pointed. Internal emails obtained by Reuters from multiple national vehicle authorities reveal significant, ongoing skepticism toward FSD .

Three specific safety concerns appear repeatedly in the correspondence :

• Speeding behavior – Regulators worry the system does not reliably obey posted speed limits and local traffic-calming rules that vary widely across European road networks.
• Icy road safety – The system’s performance on snow and ice, which are routine winter conditions in Nordic and Alpine countries, remains unproven to regulators' satisfaction.
• Driver distraction risk – Even under “Supervised” operation, officials fear drivers will over-trust the system and stop monitoring the road.

The Dutch regulator RDW—despite being the first to grant national approval—has been careful to stress that FSD remains a driver-assistance system. Its approval terms require the driver to stay fully alert and ready to take control at any moment, explicitly forbidding phone use or reading while the system is active .

Independent experts were more blunt. The data Tesla presented to Sweden and the Netherlands “could constitute misleading advertising,” according to traffic-safety researchers cited by Reuters .

Which EU countries have approved FSD so far

As of mid-June 2026, four EU member states have granted national approval for Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (Supervised) on public roads :

A fifth country, Belgium, is reported to have approved FSD on June 10, 2026, bringing the total to five of the EU’s 27 member states—covering approximately 8.9% of the bloc’s population .

A much longer list of countries has FSD pending regulatory approval. Tesla’s Vice President of AI has confirmed that at least 12 countries are awaiting sign-off, including Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom .

The regulatory roadblocks that remain

Even with multiple national approvals in hand, Tesla’s path to continent-wide authorization remains far from straightforward. Several structural and political obstacles stand in the way.

The UN R-171 mismatch. Tesla’s EU pathway depends on compliance with UN Regulation No. 171, a technical standard originally written for more predictable, constrained driver-assistance systems. The mix of behaviors Tesla wants FSD (Supervised) to perform—hands-off system-initiated lane changes, for instance—does not map cleanly onto the existing rulebook . The company needs exemptions through Article 39 clauses for behaviors that are still unregulated or tightly restricted in Europe, which gives national regulators a significant gatekeeping role .

Country-by-country recognition is slow. Each EU nation must individually recognize the Dutch type approval or grant its own exemption. While the initial expectation was that major markets like Germany and France would act within 4 to 8 weeks of the Dutch green light, they have not done so as of mid-June .

The TCMV vote is the real prize—and it has no timeline. For truly binding EU-wide approval, the matter must go before the Technical Committee on Motor Vehicles (TCMV) for a formal vote. The Netherlands has already presented its testing data to the committee , but no date has been set for a vote, and political appetites among member states are visibly split .

Sustained regulator skepticism. Those internal emails obtained by Reuters are not from a single skeptical authority but from several, including bodies in Sweden and Finland . The concerns about speeding, icy roads, and driver attention are not cosmetic; they go to whether the system can safely operate across Europe’s highly varied driving environments.

Timeline risk. Tesla has publicly targeted an EU-wide rollout in Q2-Q3 2026 , but that timeline now looks optimistic. The regulator friction, the lack of action from continental heavyweights Germany and France, and the absence of a scheduled TCMV vote all suggest the process will stretch beyond the company’s stated window.

A divided road ahead

Tesla’s European FSD story in mid-2026 is one of incremental, hard-won national victories against a backdrop of data-driven doubt and institutional caution. Four small-to-midsize EU countries have said yes; the continent’s largest car markets have not. The Reuters investigation has given regulators documented, specific reasons to slow-walk their decisions, and the fractured national-by-national approval process means Tesla cannot simply declare a European launch by fiat.

The next inflection point is likely the WP.29 session of the UNECE World Forum in late June 2026, where a draft global technical regulation on automated driving is up for adoption . If passed, it could eventually simplify Tesla’s approval path—but even optimistic observers acknowledge that near-term deployment still depends on winning over the national authorities that remain on the fence.