How Russia Is Jamming Starlink to Counter Ukraine's Drone Attacks—And How Ukraine Is Fighting Back

Each Volna Kupol Garant unit reportedly costs around $1.5 million and is manufactured by LLC Rossiysky Kupol of Simferopol . The system operates in the 14–14.5 GHz frequency range, which is the uplink band Starlink terminals use to communicate with satellites .

A Critical Limitation: One Satellite at a Time

Despite its cost and sophistication, Volna Kupol Garant has a fundamental constraint: it can only jam one Starlink satellite at a time . This creates a narrow, targeted "dome" of interference rather than a wide-area blanket. Ukrainian expert Serhii Beskrestnov, an advisor to the Ukrainian Defense Ministry, explained that the system must physically track each satellite's path and transmit its jamming signal on the exact frequency channel being used .

Russian state media outlet TASS acknowledged this limitation, reporting that the system "does not switch off Starlink communications as such but instead 'stuns' a particular satellite for the duration of its flight over the area of the system's operation" .

Ukrainian forces have detected roughly ten units deployed across the front line . The coverage area is reported at approximately 20 square kilometers per unit .

Why Jamming Starlink Is Hard

Starlink's architecture makes it inherently resistant to brute-force jamming. The terminals use phased-array antennas operating in the Ku-band (and some Ka-band) to maintain a narrow, rapidly switching beam to overhead low-Earth-orbit satellites. The system switches between satellites approximately every 15 seconds . Because both the satellite and terminal use narrowly focused beams—3 to 5 degrees wide—a jammer must be precisely positioned to intersect the link .

The Volna Kupol Garant overcomes this by physically tracking the satellite with its own dish antennas, then transmitting a high-power signal on the same frequency channel to drown out the legitimate link . It is a point-to-point jamming approach rather than a broadcast jammer.

Russia's Low-Tech Logistics Countermeasures

Russian logistics units have not relied on electronic warfare alone. They have also adopted low-tech operational security measures to protect supply convoys from Starlink-guided drones :

• Camouflage of military cargoes: Fuel trucks and ammunition transports are being disguised as civilian vehicles to avoid visual identification by drone operators .
• Changes in transport tactics: Russian logistics units are altering travel routes, moving primarily at night, and dispersing convoys to reduce the chance that a single drone strike can hit multiple targets .

These measures are a direct admission that EW jamming alone has been insufficient to fully protect supply lines from Ukrainian medium-range drone attacks .

Ukraine's Response: Hunt the Jammers, Build New Drones

Ukraine has adopted a multi-layered counter-response that goes beyond simply trying to operate through jamming.

Hunting the jammers: Ukrainian drone crews are actively targeting the Volna Kupol Garant systems themselves. Ukrainian Defense Ministry advisor Serhiy Beskrestnov confirmed that Ukrainian drones have already struck and destroyed at least one of these expensive units . One Ukrainian commander told Reuters: "We struck the Starlink countermeasure system... The system that directly jams satellites. We recently struck it" . Reports indicate the Ukrainian 422nd regiment successfully struck two systems .

Developing Starlink-independent drones: Ukraine has accelerated the fielding of new drone types that do not require Starlink connectivity at all. These use alternative datalinks such as fiber-optic tethers, radio relay, or pre-programmed autonomous navigation for mid-range strikes, making them immune to Starlink-specific jamming .

Whitelisting and terminal control: In early February 2026, SpaceX cut off all unauthorized Starlink terminals inside Ukraine that were not on an approved whitelist, which also helped Ukraine counter Russian misuse of stolen terminals .

The Bottom Line: Patchy and Inconsistent

Most technical details on Volna Kupol Garant come from Ukrainian military sources and Russian state media (TASS, Pravda.ru), which may exaggerate or downplay its effectiveness. The Reuters report—the most authoritative source—confirms the jamming effort is underway but notes it is still "patchy and inconsistent", and many Ukrainian drone missions continue to operate successfully despite it .

The war of electronic attrition continues. Russia has developed a dedicated Starlink jammer, but its high cost, limited coverage, and single-satellite constraint mean it cannot fully neutralize Ukraine's drone advantage. Ukraine, meanwhile, is adapting by physically destroying the jammers and building a new generation of drones that don't need Starlink at all.