Europe's Record-Breaking Wildfire Season and the EU's New Prevention Strategy

Estimated economic costs of this summer's wildfires

There are several widely cited figures, each capturing different scopes of the damage:

The FT figure of €3.1 billion covers the early season's first two months and is narrower in scope, focusing on land restoration costs. The €15 billion+ figure is a broader, more current estimate of total summer economic impact. To put this in perspective, the European Commission's own average annual cost estimate for wildfires across the entire EU was just €2.5 billion .

Which countries have been most affected?

• France — the hardest-hit country; total losses could reach €10–15 billion .
• Spain — among the five worst-affected countries in the FT analysis .
• Portugal, Italy, Greece — also among the most affected. Nearly 500,000 hectares burned across the five worst-affected nations in the first two months alone .

The EU's new strategy: from reaction to prevention

The European Commission has introduced a comprehensive set of measures and budget proposals to address the crisis, centered on an integrated approach that prioritizes prevention over response.

1. Integrated Wildfire Risk Management Strategy

On March 25, 2026, the Commission launched a holistic framework covering prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery . It explicitly prioritizes ecosystem-based prevention: restoring degraded ecosystems, promoting prescribed burning, grazing, and sustainable forest management to build fire-resilient landscapes . The strategy's ambition is to treat fire resilience as a strategic investment, not just a cost .

2. Council Recommendation on Integrated Wildfire Risk Management

Adopted by the Council of the EU on June 29, 2026, this legally non-binding but politically weighty guidance urges member states to invest in landscape management and ecosystem restoration . It specifically recommends restoring wetlands, peatlands, rivers, and floodplains to create natural firebreaks .

3. Record pre-positioning of firefighting assets

For summer 2026, the EU deployed 777 firefighters from 14 countries across high-risk areas in six southern European countries, alongside aircraft and emergency experts — a record level of pre-positioned capacity . A new European regional firefighting station was also launched in Cyprus .

4. Cohesion policy funds

Already covering 65 million hectares of land through wildfire-protection projects, cohesion policy funds are a major existing tool for prevention .

5. LIFE Programme call for nature projects

In August 2026, the Commission announced an estimated €173.5 million in available call budget for nature-focused standard action projects, including ecosystem restoration .

6. Biodiversity spending target

The EU is committing 10% of the total EU budget to biodiversity in 2026 and 2027, up from 7.5% in 2024, which directly supports nature restoration and wildfire prevention measures .

7. Ongoing funding under CAP, Cohesion Policy, and the EU Civil Protection Mechanism

The Commission aims to continue and expand funding for land management-related prevention and restoration investments . This includes agri-environmental and climate actions that reward farmers and forest holders for transitioning toward more resilient production systems.

The bottom line

Europe's wildfire crisis has reached a tipping point. The combination of record-breaking economic losses and increasingly frequent extreme weather events has forced a strategic pivot in Brussels. The new approach recognizes that healthy ecosystems — wetlands that retain moisture, forests managed to reduce fuel loads, and landscapes grazed by livestock — are the most effective and cost-efficient firebreaks available. The question now is whether EU member states will match the ambition of the strategy with the necessary investment on the ground.