US AI Spark: Why Southeast Asia Is Playing Both Sides in the US-China AI Race

• Making Southeast Asia a "focus for American AI exports" to accelerate the region's digital transformation and economic growth, according to the US State Department .
• Offering logistical, consultative, and financial support through US diplomatic posts and direct government-to-government assistance .
• It is part of a wider $2.5 billion US investment package for the region .

Stated Purpose: Countering Chinese AI Influence

The Trump administration framed AI Spark explicitly in competitive terms with China. The US State Department described it as ensuring that Southeast Asian governments adopt American AI systems rather than falling into dependency on Chinese ecosystems . Analysts and news reports characterize it as:

• A direct counter to Chinese AI models that have already made significant inroads across Southeast Asia's public sector and digital economy .
• An effort to block China from becoming the "leading AI supplier for the rest of Asia"—and by extension, the world, as CNBC reported .
• A response to China's "AI Plus" strategy and its proposal for a World AI Cooperation Organization (WAICO) , which uses open-source models, training centers, and infrastructure aid to entrench Chinese standards in developing countries, according to The Diplomat .

As the Hudson Institute notes, while the US pitches "technological leadership," China offers immediate, low-cost, deployable benefits—a gap AI Spark is designed to close .

Why Southeast Asia Won't Pick a Side

Analysts broadly agree that Southeast Asian nations will hedge and multi-source rather than choose one side exclusively. Here is what the evidence shows:

Pragmatic Dual Adoption

Countries like Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines are expected to adopt both US and Chinese AI systems depending on cost, availability, and use case—Chinese models for cost-sensitive public services and US models for high-security or premium applications .

Price Sensitivity Favors China Near-Term

Chinese AI firms generally offer cheaper alternatives. For developing Southeast Asian countries "desperate to secure immediate benefits" from AI, Chinese offers remain more attractive, as the Hudson Institute and CNBC report . AI Spark's financial incentives are designed to offset this, but the cost gap remains large.

Tiered Responses by AI Capability

A Frontiers in Political Science analysis categorizes ASEAN countries into three groups :

• Front-runners (Singapore, Malaysia): Likely to lean toward US high-end systems.
• Catching-up countries (Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei): Expected to mix sources.
• Dependent countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar): More likely to adopt Chinese ecosystems due to lower costs.

Strategic Hedging as Default Posture

Southeast Asian states generally avoid explicit alignment. They will take American funding and Chinese infrastructure simultaneously, maintaining flexibility rather than locking into one technological ecosystem .

Risk of Gradual Lock-In

The Diplomat warns that countries building their digital future around Chinese AI may gradually become dependent on Beijing's standards and data infrastructure—a risk analysts say Southeast Asian policymakers are aware of but may accept in exchange for lower upfront costs .

The Bottom Line

Analysts expect no decisive winner in the near term. Southeast Asian governments will likely pursue a multi-aligned, opportunistic strategy—accepting AI Spark's financial and technical support while continuing to deploy cheaper Chinese models where they offer better value .