• May 2024 — The Commission opened formal proceedings against Meta under the DSA focused on the protection of minors on Facebook and Instagram, specifically examining whether the platforms' algorithms and design features may exploit minors' vulnerabilities .
• June 2026 — Bloomberg News reported that the Commission is poised to intensify its investigation and issue preliminary findings that Facebook and Instagram are intentionally designed to be addictive to children .
• July 2026 — No final charges have been announced yet, but the escalation is widely expected.

Importantly, the Commission's concern from the outset has centered on whether the platforms' algorithms and systems may "exploit the vulnerabilities of minors and create addictive behaviour" .

The Four Design Features Flagged

While formal charges against Meta are still imminent, the Commission has already established the enforcement framework for addictive design in a separate case against TikTok. The same four features are the focus of the Meta investigation:

• Infinite scroll — continuous content loading that eliminates natural stopping points
• Autoplay — automatic video playback that triggers further engagement
• Push notifications — persistent alerts designed to prompt re-engagement
• Highly personalized recommender systems — algorithmic content curation that maximizes time-on-platform

The European Parliament's own briefing notes that the TikTok case was "the first time enforcement action has not focused on illegal content, data protection or competition, but on the harmful architecture of the platform" .

The TikTok Precedent

On February 6, 2026, the Commission issued preliminary findings that TikTok breached the DSA for its addictive design, citing the same four features — infinite scroll, autoplay, push notifications, and personalized recommender systems . The Commission specifically found that TikTok failed to conduct an adequate risk assessment on how those features drive compulsive use, including indicators such as time children spend on the app at night . This sets the legal precedent for Meta's expected charges.

Meta's Alleged Failures: Risk Assessment and Minor Protection

On April 29, 2026, the Commission issued preliminary findings that Meta breached the DSA by failing to diligently identify, assess, and mitigate the risks of minors under 13 accessing Facebook and Instagram . Despite Meta's own terms setting the minimum age at 13, the Commission found the company's age verification measures inadequate . The Commission has also been investigating whether Meta failed to conduct adequate risk assessments on how its design features affect minors' physical and mental well-being .

Potential Penalties

Under the DSA, if a breach is established, the Commission may impose a fine of up to 6% of the provider's total worldwide annual turnover (global revenue) . For context, Meta's 2025 revenue was approximately $160+ billion, meaning a theoretical maximum fine could exceed $9 billion — though actual fines are typically lower. The Commission may also impose remedial measures requiring Meta to change how its platforms operate .

Broader DSA Enforcement Pattern Against Meta

The addictive-design investigation is one of multiple ongoing DSA proceedings against Meta:

• October 2024 — The Commission opened a separate DSA proceeding on deceptive advertising and political content on Facebook and Instagram, and the non-availability of a real-time election-monitoring tool ahead of European Parliament elections .
• October 2025 (preliminary findings) — The Commission found Meta in breach of DSA transparency obligations, specifically for failing to provide users simple mechanisms to notify illegal content and to effectively challenge content moderation decisions .
• September 2025 — Bloomberg reported Meta was poised to receive an EU charge for failing to police illegal content on its platforms .
• April 2026 — The preliminary finding on under-13 minor protection (described above) .

Parallel U.S. Legal Pressures

Meta faces similar legal challenges in the United States, which run alongside the EU's DSA action:

Four-state lawsuit seeking ~$1.4 trillion — In a court filing on July 6, 2026, Meta disclosed that four U.S. states are seeking $1.4 trillion in penalties, accusing the company of designing Facebook and Instagram to addict young users and misleading the public about safety. Meta called the figure "outlandish" . The case is being brought by California, Colorado, Kentucky and New Jersey, and is scheduled for trial in August 2026 in Oakland, California .

March 2026 jury verdict — On March 25, 2026, a Los Angeles jury found Meta and Google negligent for designing Instagram and YouTube with addictive features that harmed young users. The jury awarded $6 million ($4.2 million for Meta and $1.8 million for Google) to the plaintiff, and the verdict is considered a landmark precedent for hundreds of similar cases . Meta has moved to have the verdict thrown out .

Supreme Court — In May 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear Meta's challenge to a Vermont social media addiction lawsuit, allowing state-level cases to proceed .

Meta's Defense

Meta has publicly argued that it already provides extensive safety tools, including screen-time reminders, parental supervision controls, and age-appropriate content settings on both Instagram and Facebook. The company maintains that it has invested heavily in youth safety and that its existing measures are robust. Meta has also characterized the EU's addictive-design probe as overlooking the company's existing tools and voluntary youth safety programs.

However, the Commission's preliminary finding (April 2026) directly rejected the adequacy of Meta's current measures, concluding that Meta failed to diligently identify, assess, and mitigate the risks, despite Meta's own terms and existing parental controls . The Commission specifically noted that "despite Meta's own terms and conditions setting the minimum age to access Instagram and Facebook at 13, the Commission preliminarily found that Meta did not adequately address the risk of minors under 13 accessing its services" .

• May 2024 — The Commission opened formal proceedings against Meta under the DSA focused on the protection of minors on Facebook and Instagram, specifically examining whether the platforms' algorithms and design features may exploit minors' vulnerabilities .
• June 2026 — Bloomberg News reported that the Commission is poised to intensify its investigation and issue preliminary findings that Facebook and Instagram are intentionally designed to be addictive to children .
• July 2026 — No final charges have been announced yet, but the escalation is widely expected.

Importantly, the Commission's concern from the outset has centered on whether the platforms' algorithms and systems may "exploit the vulnerabilities of minors and create addictive behaviour" .

The Four Design Features Flagged

While formal charges against Meta are still imminent, the Commission has already established the enforcement framework for addictive design in a separate case against TikTok. The same four features are the focus of the Meta investigation:

• Infinite scroll — continuous content loading that eliminates natural stopping points
• Autoplay — automatic video playback that triggers further engagement
• Push notifications — persistent alerts designed to prompt re-engagement
• Highly personalized recommender systems — algorithmic content curation that maximizes time-on-platform

The European Parliament's own briefing notes that the TikTok case was "the first time enforcement action has not focused on illegal content, data protection or competition, but on the harmful architecture of the platform" .

The TikTok Precedent

On February 6, 2026, the Commission issued preliminary findings that TikTok breached the DSA for its addictive design, citing the same four features — infinite scroll, autoplay, push notifications, and personalized recommender systems . The Commission specifically found that TikTok failed to conduct an adequate risk assessment on how those features drive compulsive use, including indicators such as time children spend on the app at night . This sets the legal precedent for Meta's expected charges.

Meta's Alleged Failures: Risk Assessment and Minor Protection

On April 29, 2026, the Commission issued preliminary findings that Meta breached the DSA by failing to diligently identify, assess, and mitigate the risks of minors under 13 accessing Facebook and Instagram . Despite Meta's own terms setting the minimum age at 13, the Commission found the company's age verification measures inadequate . The Commission has also been investigating whether Meta failed to conduct adequate risk assessments on how its design features affect minors' physical and mental well-being .

Potential Penalties

Under the DSA, if a breach is established, the Commission may impose a fine of up to 6% of the provider's total worldwide annual turnover (global revenue) . For context, Meta's 2025 revenue was approximately $160+ billion, meaning a theoretical maximum fine could exceed $9 billion — though actual fines are typically lower. The Commission may also impose remedial measures requiring Meta to change how its platforms operate .

Broader DSA Enforcement Pattern Against Meta

The addictive-design investigation is one of multiple ongoing DSA proceedings against Meta:

• October 2024 — The Commission opened a separate DSA proceeding on deceptive advertising and political content on Facebook and Instagram, and the non-availability of a real-time election-monitoring tool ahead of European Parliament elections .
• October 2025 (preliminary findings) — The Commission found Meta in breach of DSA transparency obligations, specifically for failing to provide users simple mechanisms to notify illegal content and to effectively challenge content moderation decisions .
• September 2025 — Bloomberg reported Meta was poised to receive an EU charge for failing to police illegal content on its platforms .
• April 2026 — The preliminary finding on under-13 minor protection (described above) .

Parallel U.S. Legal Pressures

Meta faces similar legal challenges in the United States, which run alongside the EU's DSA action:

Four-state lawsuit seeking ~$1.4 trillion — In a court filing on July 6, 2026, Meta disclosed that four U.S. states are seeking $1.4 trillion in penalties, accusing the company of designing Facebook and Instagram to addict young users and misleading the public about safety. Meta called the figure "outlandish" . The case is being brought by California, Colorado, Kentucky and New Jersey, and is scheduled for trial in August 2026 in Oakland, California .

March 2026 jury verdict — On March 25, 2026, a Los Angeles jury found Meta and Google negligent for designing Instagram and YouTube with addictive features that harmed young users. The jury awarded $6 million ($4.2 million for Meta and $1.8 million for Google) to the plaintiff, and the verdict is considered a landmark precedent for hundreds of similar cases . Meta has moved to have the verdict thrown out .

Supreme Court — In May 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear Meta's challenge to a Vermont social media addiction lawsuit, allowing state-level cases to proceed .

Meta's Defense

Meta has publicly argued that it already provides extensive safety tools, including screen-time reminders, parental supervision controls, and age-appropriate content settings on both Instagram and Facebook. The company maintains that it has invested heavily in youth safety and that its existing measures are robust. Meta has also characterized the EU's addictive-design probe as overlooking the company's existing tools and voluntary youth safety programs.

However, the Commission's preliminary finding (April 2026) directly rejected the adequacy of Meta's current measures, concluding that Meta failed to diligently identify, assess, and mitigate the risks, despite Meta's own terms and existing parental controls . The Commission specifically noted that "despite Meta's own terms and conditions setting the minimum age to access Instagram and Facebook at 13, the Commission preliminarily found that Meta did not adequately address the risk of minors under 13 accessing its services" .