The Partnership: Who Is Involved and What They Are Testing

The collaboration was announced on November 5, 2025, at Ripple's Swell 2025 conference in New York . The four parties are:

• Mastercard — the global payment network processing the transaction.
• Ripple — provider of the RLUSD stablecoin and the XRP Ledger infrastructure.
• Gemini — the crypto exchange whose branded credit card is used in the pilot.
• WebBank — the regulated U.S. bank that issues the Gemini Credit Card .

The core test: Can WebBank settle its Mastercard transaction flows using RLUSD on a public blockchain instead of traditional fiat settlement? The pilot began processing live transactions on November 6, 2025 .

How the Settlement Process Works (and What Cardholders See)

For a Gemini Credit Card holder, nothing changes. The consumer swipes, taps, or checks out normally and sees charges in U.S. dollars . The difference is entirely on the back end:

1. The cardholder makes a purchase. Mastercard authorizes the transaction and the merchant receives fiat currency as usual .
2. Behind the scenes, WebBank (the issuer) settles the transaction flows to Mastercard using RLUSD rather than traditional fiat rails .
3. The RLUSD moves on the XRP Ledger, which settles transactions in 3–5 seconds at near-zero cost, providing near-instant finality .

The pilot is a back-end infrastructure test. The consumer experience is identical to a traditional credit card transaction .

Pilot Progress: From Announcement to Execution

By April 2026, Mastercard's Christian Rau confirmed the integration was "on track" for a live rollout in the first half of 2026 . As of August 2026, the pilot appears to remain in active execution, with that broader rollout still the stated goal .

Mastercard's Broader Stablecoin Strategy

The RLUSD-on-XRPL pilot is a specific use case (Gemini Credit Card settlement) within a much larger stablecoin push by Mastercard:

• Solana as a lead settlement rail (June 3, 2026): Mastercard announced always-on stablecoin settlement for its card network using Solana as the primary blockchain, enabling intraday, weekend, and holiday settlement cycles 24/7 . It supports regulated stablecoins including USDC (Circle), RLUSD (Ripple), PYUSD (PayPal), and SoFiUSD . The expansion reaches across 210+ jurisdictions globally .
• Crypto Partner Program (March 2026): 85+ companies spanning exchanges, wallets, issuers, and payment processors .
• BVNK acquisition (March 2026): $1.8 billion acquisition of stablecoin infrastructure startup .
• New York BitLicense (August 2026): Mastercard obtained a virtual asset business license in New York state to operate its stablecoin settlement business directly .

Mastercard SVP Christian Rau has framed stablecoins as "just another settlement currency" inside Mastercard's network of 3.8 billion cards and 150 million acceptance points .

RLUSD Circulating Supply and Chain Distribution

RLUSD's supply split has undergone a major shift in mid-2026. After launching in December 2024 on both Ethereum and the XRP Ledger, Ethereum dominated the supply for roughly 18 months . That changed in late June 2026.

Summary as of mid-August 2026: Total circulating supply is approximately $1.57–1.63 billion. The XRP Ledger has held a slight majority since late June 2026 (roughly 53–57% on XRPL vs. 43–47% on Ethereum), a reversal from the prior period when Ethereum dominated .

Comparison to Visa's Stablecoin-Linked Card Volume

The search results contain one relevant data point: as of June 2026, Visa's stablecoin settlement volume had reached a $7 billion annualized run rate . This occurred roughly at the same time Mastercard's June 3, 2026 stablecoin settlement announcement was made .

Key differences:

• Visa has been processing stablecoin-linked card volume (primarily USDC on Solana via its partnership with Circle) for longer, giving it a larger measured run rate.
• Mastercard is pursuing a multi-chain approach (Solana, XRP Ledger) and a multi-stablecoin strategy (USDC, RLUSD, PYUSD, SoFiUSD), which could scale faster once fully live.
• The RLUSD-on-XRPL pilot is still in a targeted pilot phase with Gemini, while Visa's $7B annualized figure reflects broader production volume.

No single source directly compares exact Visa vs. Mastercard stablecoin card settlement volumes head-to-head, so precise apples-to-apples comparisons remain limited.

What This Means for the Future of Card Settlement

The RLUSD pilot represents a concrete test of whether regulated stablecoins can operate within existing card payment systems without disrupting banks, merchants, or customers . If it scales as planned in the first half of 2026, it would mark one of the first times a regulated U.S. bank settles traditional card payments using a regulated stablecoin on a public blockchain . Mastercard's broader push—across multiple chains and multiple stablecoins—suggests the company sees blockchain-based settlement as a permanent part of its infrastructure, not just an experiment.

The Partnership: Who Is Involved and What They Are Testing

The collaboration was announced on November 5, 2025, at Ripple's Swell 2025 conference in New York . The four parties are:

• Mastercard — the global payment network processing the transaction.
• Ripple — provider of the RLUSD stablecoin and the XRP Ledger infrastructure.
• Gemini — the crypto exchange whose branded credit card is used in the pilot.
• WebBank — the regulated U.S. bank that issues the Gemini Credit Card .

The core test: Can WebBank settle its Mastercard transaction flows using RLUSD on a public blockchain instead of traditional fiat settlement? The pilot began processing live transactions on November 6, 2025 .

How the Settlement Process Works (and What Cardholders See)

For a Gemini Credit Card holder, nothing changes. The consumer swipes, taps, or checks out normally and sees charges in U.S. dollars . The difference is entirely on the back end:

1. The cardholder makes a purchase. Mastercard authorizes the transaction and the merchant receives fiat currency as usual .
2. Behind the scenes, WebBank (the issuer) settles the transaction flows to Mastercard using RLUSD rather than traditional fiat rails .
3. The RLUSD moves on the XRP Ledger, which settles transactions in 3–5 seconds at near-zero cost, providing near-instant finality .

The pilot is a back-end infrastructure test. The consumer experience is identical to a traditional credit card transaction .

Pilot Progress: From Announcement to Execution

By April 2026, Mastercard's Christian Rau confirmed the integration was "on track" for a live rollout in the first half of 2026 . As of August 2026, the pilot appears to remain in active execution, with that broader rollout still the stated goal .

Mastercard's Broader Stablecoin Strategy

The RLUSD-on-XRPL pilot is a specific use case (Gemini Credit Card settlement) within a much larger stablecoin push by Mastercard:

• Solana as a lead settlement rail (June 3, 2026): Mastercard announced always-on stablecoin settlement for its card network using Solana as the primary blockchain, enabling intraday, weekend, and holiday settlement cycles 24/7 . It supports regulated stablecoins including USDC (Circle), RLUSD (Ripple), PYUSD (PayPal), and SoFiUSD . The expansion reaches across 210+ jurisdictions globally .
• Crypto Partner Program (March 2026): 85+ companies spanning exchanges, wallets, issuers, and payment processors .
• BVNK acquisition (March 2026): $1.8 billion acquisition of stablecoin infrastructure startup .
• New York BitLicense (August 2026): Mastercard obtained a virtual asset business license in New York state to operate its stablecoin settlement business directly .

Mastercard SVP Christian Rau has framed stablecoins as "just another settlement currency" inside Mastercard's network of 3.8 billion cards and 150 million acceptance points .

RLUSD Circulating Supply and Chain Distribution

RLUSD's supply split has undergone a major shift in mid-2026. After launching in December 2024 on both Ethereum and the XRP Ledger, Ethereum dominated the supply for roughly 18 months . That changed in late June 2026.

Summary as of mid-August 2026: Total circulating supply is approximately $1.57–1.63 billion. The XRP Ledger has held a slight majority since late June 2026 (roughly 53–57% on XRPL vs. 43–47% on Ethereum), a reversal from the prior period when Ethereum dominated .

Comparison to Visa's Stablecoin-Linked Card Volume

The search results contain one relevant data point: as of June 2026, Visa's stablecoin settlement volume had reached a $7 billion annualized run rate . This occurred roughly at the same time Mastercard's June 3, 2026 stablecoin settlement announcement was made .

Key differences:

• Visa has been processing stablecoin-linked card volume (primarily USDC on Solana via its partnership with Circle) for longer, giving it a larger measured run rate.
• Mastercard is pursuing a multi-chain approach (Solana, XRP Ledger) and a multi-stablecoin strategy (USDC, RLUSD, PYUSD, SoFiUSD), which could scale faster once fully live.
• The RLUSD-on-XRPL pilot is still in a targeted pilot phase with Gemini, while Visa's $7B annualized figure reflects broader production volume.

No single source directly compares exact Visa vs. Mastercard stablecoin card settlement volumes head-to-head, so precise apples-to-apples comparisons remain limited.

What This Means for the Future of Card Settlement

The RLUSD pilot represents a concrete test of whether regulated stablecoins can operate within existing card payment systems without disrupting banks, merchants, or customers . If it scales as planned in the first half of 2026, it would mark one of the first times a regulated U.S. bank settles traditional card payments using a regulated stablecoin on a public blockchain . Mastercard's broader push—across multiple chains and multiple stablecoins—suggests the company sees blockchain-based settlement as a permanent part of its infrastructure, not just an experiment.