Why the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar Pushed Trump to Pause Military Strikes on Iran

Reports suggest discussions have focused on a preliminary framework agreement or memorandum of understanding that could halt hostilities and open the door to more detailed negotiations. Some proposals include an immediate ceasefire and a short window—weeks rather than months—for negotiating a longer-term deal.

These talks follow earlier rounds of nuclear negotiations between the United States and Iran that began in 2025 in Muscat, Oman, and later continued in Rome, often conducted indirectly with mediators carrying messages between delegations.

Despite repeated rounds of diplomacy, progress has been described as limited, with major disputes still unresolved.

Why the Nuclear Program Remains the Core Dispute

At the center of the negotiations is Iran’s nuclear program. The United States and its regional partners want strict limits on uranium enrichment and verification measures to prevent Tehran from developing nuclear weapons.

Iran, however, insists its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes and has resisted demands that it fully abandon enrichment. The disagreement over enrichment levels and verification mechanisms has repeatedly stalled talks.

Gulf officials warn that any agreement that fails to restrain Iran’s nuclear program—and its missile and drone capabilities—could merely postpone a larger crisis in the future.

Sanctions Relief and Frozen Iranian Assets

Economic issues are just as central to the negotiations as security concerns.

Iran has made the lifting of U.S. sanctions and access to frozen financial assets key demands in any settlement. Iranian officials say these measures are necessary to revive the country’s struggling economy and to make nuclear concessions politically viable.

Some proposals reportedly include the potential release of frozen Iranian assets held abroad as a confidence-building measure, though such steps remain disputed and politically sensitive.

In essence, the negotiations revolve around a trade‑off: nuclear restrictions and security guarantees in exchange for economic relief.

The Strategic Importance of the Strait of Hormuz

Another major point of contention is the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow waterway between Iran and Oman through which a large share of global oil shipments passes.

Gulf leaders and international partners insist that any peace agreement must guarantee freedom of navigation through the strait. UAE presidential adviser Anwar Gargash has warned that allowing Iran to control or politicize access to Hormuz would set a dangerous precedent and could threaten global energy security.

Because the strait is widely considered the world’s most critical oil shipping route, disruptions there could trigger energy price spikes and major economic shocks worldwide.

Gulf Warnings About the Risk of Renewed Conflict

Regional officials have repeatedly cautioned that military escalation could make the crisis far worse. Gargash has said the chances of a successful U.S.–Iran agreement are only about “50‑50,” emphasizing that renewed fighting would further destabilize the Middle East.

He and other Gulf policymakers argue that the region ultimately needs a political solution rather than another cycle of military confrontation. Without addressing the underlying disputes—especially nuclear development, sanctions, and maritime security—any temporary ceasefire could collapse quickly.

A Fragile Path Toward a Deal

For now, the diplomatic strategy pursued by Gulf states aims to buy time: delay escalation, keep negotiations alive, and encourage compromises that address both security and economic concerns.

Whether those efforts succeed will depend on whether Washington and Tehran can reconcile their core demands. The United States and its partners seek enforceable limits on Iran’s nuclear capabilities and guarantees for regional security, while Iran insists on sanctions relief, access to frozen assets, and protection from further attacks.

Until those competing priorities are bridged, the chances of a lasting agreement remain uncertain—and the risk of renewed conflict in one of the world’s most strategically important regions remains high.